Comparison between RHEL 9, CentOS Stream 10, and Fedora 42

Comparison between RHEL 9, CentOS Stream 10, and Fedora 42 

Feature/Aspect RHEL 9 CentOS Stream 10 Fedora 42
Release Model Stable, enterprise-focused, fixed release cycle Rolling release, preview of RHEL updates Fast-moving, bleeding-edge release
Target Audience Enterprises, organizations, and large-scale systems Developers, system admins, upstream for RHEL Developers, enthusiasts, cutting-edge users
Stability Extremely stable, with long-term support (10 years) Rolling release with relatively good stability High stability with rapid innovation, but not as long-term as RHEL
Package Management dnf (YUM) for package management dnf (YUM) for package management dnf (YUM) for package management
Kernel Version Linux Kernel 5.x or 6.x (based on RHEL updates) Linux Kernel 6.x (latest available version) Linux Kernel 6.x (latest available version)
Release Frequency Major releases every 3-5 years, point updates annually Constant updates, upstream for RHEL New versions every 6 months
Support Duration 10-year support (5 years full, 5 years extended) Rolling release (no fixed support duration) ~13 months of support per release
Desktop Environment GNOME (default) with RHEL customized version GNOME (default) with CentOS customization GNOME (default), KDE Plasma, others
Security Features SELinux, firewalld, and security updates SELinux, firewalld, frequent security updates SELinux, firewalld, advanced security updates
Software Versions Conservative, with enterprise-tested versions Latest available versions, closely synced with RHEL Latest stable versions, cutting-edge features
Focus Enterprise applications, mission-critical workloads Development, upstream testing for RHEL, community-driven New technologies, innovation, bleeding-edge software
Support for Containers Podman, Docker, and Kubernetes support Podman, Docker, Kubernetes (as a preview for RHEL) Podman, Docker, Kubernetes, and latest container tools
Cloud and Virtualization Full cloud and virtualization stack (OpenStack, KVM, etc.) Cloud and containerized apps, preview for RHEL Latest tools for cloud and virtualization
Web and App Servers Apache, Nginx, Tomcat, and others Apache, Nginx, latest versions available Apache, Nginx, latest versions, modern web stacks
File System Support XFS, Btrfs, ext4, LVM, etc. XFS, ext4, Btrfs XFS, ext4, Btrfs, and newer filesystems
Updates and Patch Management Managed via Red Hat Subscription, with backported patches Frequent updates with the latest features Frequent updates, rolling release model
Lifecycle 10-year lifecycle with long-term support Rolling, no fixed lifecycle ~13-month lifecycle with continuous updates
Performance Tuning Fine-tuned for enterprise environments Not focused on enterprise performance Focus on cutting-edge performance improvements
Support for Hardware Broad support for enterprise hardware (servers, workstations) Supports latest consumer and enterprise hardware Supports cutting-edge hardware, including newer GPUs, CPUs
System Admin Tools RHEL-specific tools, Red Hat Insights RHEL-based tools, CentOS management tools Standard Linux tools, Fedora-specific utilities
Community vs. Enterprise Enterprise focus with paid support Community-driven, upstream for RHEL Community-driven, fast-paced, user-focused
Long-Term Enterprise Support Yes, 10 years (5 years full support, 5 years extended support) No, rolling release with no fixed end date No, focused on innovation with short-term support
Upstream or Downstream Downstream from upstream Fedora Upstream from RHEL Upstream, bleeding edge from upstream Fedora
Software Development Focus Focus on stable, production-level apps Focus on testing and preview for RHEL software Focus on new, experimental, and latest software
Security Updates Security patches backported for long-term support Frequent and timely security updates Latest security patches and updates
Networking Support Extensive enterprise networking options, security, and VPN support Extensive support, preview for RHEL networking tools Latest networking protocols and features, experimental support
Documentation Comprehensive, official RHEL documentation Community-driven, RHEL-related documentation Cutting-edge documentation with new tools and software
Server Use Cases Large enterprise, cloud, and data center environments Developer environments, staging for RHEL release Innovation labs, personal servers, cutting-edge environments
Use in Cloud Fully supported in major cloud providers (AWS, Azure, etc.) Preview for cloud-based RHEL deployments Supported in cloud environments, focuses on cloud-native applications
Enterprise Software Compatibility High compatibility with commercial enterprise software High compatibility, though sometimes lagging behind RHEL Compatibility with a wide range of open-source tools, but may lack commercial support
Package Management Tools DNF, YUM (with enterprise-specific tools) DNF, YUM (with community-centric tools) DNF, YUM (with cutting-edge support for modern tools)
Performance Metrics Optimized for large-scale enterprise performance Lighter, developer-focused performance Optimized for latest hardware, and best performance for development tools
Compliance and Certification Full enterprise compliance (FIPS, PCI, etc.) Focus on testing RHEL certifications Lacks formal compliance certification
System Requirements More conservative, designed for enterprise hardware Supports both enterprise and consumer hardware Focus on modern, fast consumer and developer hardware
Desktop Focus Primarily server-focused, with desktop options available Desktop options available, but not main focus Heavy focus on modern desktop experiences and user environments
Performance Benchmarks Enterprise-class performance benchmarks Performance close to RHEL, less optimized Benchmarks vary based on bleeding-edge performance tests
Server Management Red Hat Satellite for centralized management CentOS-specific management tools for development Standard management tools, Fedora-specific tools
Tooling for DevOps Supports mature DevOps tools (Jenkins, OpenShift, etc.) Tools for containerization and DevOps Latest DevOps tools, continuous integration support
Customization Extensive customization, but controlled within the enterprise ecosystem Can be heavily customized, especially for testing RHEL Highly customizable with bleeding-edge options
Resource Usage Optimized for minimal overhead in enterprise environments Balanced resource usage for developer systems Designed for modern developer machines, slightly higher resource usage
Containerization Fully integrated with OpenShift, Kubernetes, Podman Support for containers as a preview for RHEL Fully integrated with latest container tools (Podman, Docker)
System Reliability Extremely high, designed for enterprise-critical workloads Stable, but rolling release introduces some instability High, but with some instability due to fast updates
Networking and Security Tools Extensive firewall, VPN, and networking tools Similar to RHEL, focused on developer needs Latest security and network innovations
Monitoring Tools Advanced monitoring tools (e.g., Red Hat Insights) Basic monitoring tools for developers Latest monitoring tools and technologies
Upstream/Downstream Relationship Downstream of Fedora, upstream for CentOS Stream Upstream for RHEL (development preview) Upstream from Fedora, rolling release model

Summary:

  • RHEL 9 is the enterprise-focused OS with long-term support and stability, suitable for large-scale, mission-critical environments.

  • CentOS Stream 10 is the rolling-release, community-driven OS that serves as a preview for RHEL 10, focused on testing new features before they reach RHEL.

  • Fedora 42 is the fast-paced, cutting-edge OS with the latest features, aimed at developers and enthusiasts who want to experience the latest open-source innovations.


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