50 Practical Things For Beginners, Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, Hands-On Guide

 

50 Practical Things For Beginners, Ubuntu 24.04 LTS, Hands-On Guide

🐧 Getting Started with Ubuntu

  1. Install Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
    Use a bootable USB or virtual machine software like VirtualBox.
    (No command needed)

  2. Explore the GNOME Desktop
    Launch the settings interface:
    gnome-control-center

  3. List Files and Folders
    View detailed listings:
    ls -l

  4. Navigate Through Directories
    Move to a specific directory:
    cd /etc

  5. Show Current Directory
    Know where you are:
    pwd

📁 File and Directory Management

  1. Create a New Directory
    mkdir myfolder

  2. Create an Empty File
    touch myfile.txt

  3. Copy a File
    cp myfile.txt backup.txt

  4. Move or Rename a File
    mv myfile.txt renamedfile.txt

  5. Delete a File
    rm renamedfile.txt

🖥️ Learn About Your System

  1. System Overview
    uname -a

  2. Edit with Nano
    nano myfile.txt

  3. View Ubuntu Version Info
    lsb_release -a

  4. Display Hostname and OS Details
    hostnamectl

  5. Reboot System
    sudo reboot

📦 Managing Software with APT

  1. Update Repository List
    sudo apt update

  2. Upgrade Installed Packages
    sudo apt upgrade

  3. Install Software (e.g., VLC)
    sudo apt install vlc

  4. Remove Software
    sudo apt remove vlc

  5. Search for a Package
    apt search firefox

👤 Users, Groups, and Permissions

  1. Create a New User
    sudo adduser john

  2. Add User to a Group
    sudo usermod -aG sudo john

  3. Modify File Permissions
    chmod 755 script.sh

  4. Change File Ownership
    sudo chown john:john script.sh

  5. List User Groups
    groups

🔐 Security and Network Basics

  1. Enable Firewall
    sudo ufw enable

  2. Allow SSH through Firewall
    sudo ufw allow ssh

  3. Check Network Interfaces
    ip a

  4. Ping an External Site
    ping -c 4 google.com

  5. View Open Ports
    ss -tuln

📊 System Monitoring and Scheduling

  1. View Running Processes
    ps aux

  2. Interactive Process Monitor
    htop (Install with sudo apt install htop)

  3. Check Disk Usage
    df -h

  4. Check RAM Usage
    free -h

  5. Schedule with Cron
    crontab -e

🧪 Scripting and Development

  1. Write a Bash Script

    echo -e '#!/bin/bash\necho Hello, Ubuntu!' > hello.sh

  2. Make Script Executable
    chmod +x hello.sh

  3. Run Script
    ./hello.sh

  4. Check Python Version
    python3 --version

  5. Create Python Virtual Environment
    python3 -m venv venv

🐳 Intro to Containers and Services

  1. Install Docker
    sudo apt install docker.io

  2. Run First Docker Container
    sudo docker run hello-world

  3. Start SSH Service
    sudo systemctl start ssh

  4. Check Active Connections
    netstat -tulnp

  5. Download File with wget
    wget https://example.com/file.txt

🗃️ Filesystems, Backups, and Links

  1. Mount a USB Drive
    sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt

  2. Create Tar Archive
    tar -cvf archive.tar myfolder/

  3. Extract Tar Archive
    tar -xvf archive.tar

  4. Backup with Rsync
    rsync -av myfolder/ backup/

  5. Create a Symbolic Link
    ln -s /path/to/original linkname

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